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Unobtrusive Measures

An I nventory of Uses

University of Minnesota

The logic and advantages of unobtrusive measures are briefly reviewed. The literature on unobtrusive measures is then summarized under four large classes-physical traces, archives, simple observations, and measures gathered with hardware. A small number of methods also fall into a residual category. Each class of methods is discussed briefly and recommendations and/or problems with its use are discussed. This is followed by a listing of the measures in that category, an indication of what variable is being indexed and applicable references.

Sociological Methods & Research, Vol. 4, No. 3, 267-300 (1976)
DOI: 10.1177/004912417600400301


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